Frequency Hopping of GSM

Benefits of Frequency Hopping :

• improve signal level (since fades are freq. dependent)

• tolerate more co-channel interference

• security

Slow Frequency Hopping for GSM :

• Cyclic hopping

• Pseudo-random hopping

carrier 1

carrier 2

carrier 3

carrier 4

TS0

TS7

TDMA frame number

N

N+1

N+2

N+3

carrier 1

No Hopping

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