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Microscopic Macroscopic

Fading and Diversity Techniques

Small-scale Fading (Fast Fading) :

• scattering and multiple reflections from surroundings.

• if two waves received at antenna with 180o out-of-phase, the resultant signal is zero.

• the received signal fluctuates drastically while MS moving.

• different paths(1,2,3,4) will cause time dispersion and ISI.

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